In this talk, I explore one very generative line of debate and inquiry within the anthropology of Islam. While this current of thought and writing finds expression in several different, if intersecting arguments, they cohere around a critique of what is seen to be an inadequate attention given to the divine in anthropological scholarship on Islam. Scholars writing in this vein argue that, if God is not marginal within Muslim lives, but on the contrary, is integral to the overarching reality that structures and orients those lives, then God should not be marginal to anthropological descriptions of those lives. This perceived inattention to the divine in the anthropology of Islam is diagnosed as confirmation of the secular commitments of the discipline. Even when sociological or economic determinism is not explicit in an anthropological text, the emphasis on human activity by the analyst, and the corresponding neglect of the activity of God, it is argued, effects, once again, a translation of religious lives—where God is an all-encompassing presence—into secular terms—where God is not. The critical perspective articulated in this literature, as I examine in this talk, raises important questions about the aims of ethnographic inquiry, the epistemological limits of anthropological descriptions, and the availability of God as an object of anthropological inquiry.